14 results
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... - Differential Diagnosis ... bearing after injury ... #Effusions #causes ... #msk #physicalexam
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... Urethral stricture/valves ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... previously stable values ... papilledema, heart failure ... or acute kidney injury ... Renal parenchymal disease
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
(DAH) & renal failure ... quantify renal injury ... anti-GBM) Other tests ... LVEF, pericardial effusion ... #management #treatment
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
to bolus these values ... presentations and disease ... liver or renal injury ... tests before beginning ... gluconeogenesis Liver Injury
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Addison’s disease ... insufficiency/Failure ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
unique approach and workup ... DISLOCATION: ~25% cases ... (25%) TEST FOR: ... WORK UP: obtain ... #msk #clinical
Polycythemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polycythemia itself isn’t a diagnosis. Like many things, it is a condition
that a one-off value ... about secondary causes ... As with many disease ... Best to have an ... #Algorithm #workup
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • Addison’s disease ... insufficiency/Failure ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... to work through ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium