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diagnosis treatment differential algorithm cardiology causes hyperkalemia neurology pathophysiology potassium abg acid acidbase barre base bloodgas chf chronic clinical criticalcare
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #nephrology #management
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Syndrome is a rare ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #hypokalemia ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... In persistent hypokalemia ... #Syndrome #Management ... #Treatment #nephrology
Acute Hyperkalemia Management • Membrane Stabilization: Calcium Gluconate (10%), Hypertonic (3%) Normal Saline • Shifters: Insulin
Acute Hyperkalemia ... Management • Membrane ... Shifters: Insulin (Short ... Bicarbonate, Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia #
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... #treatment #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
- ACS, AKI, acute ... priapism • Lab values ... sudden death • Lab values ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
- Summary Acute ... • Weakness: Starts ... variants: (1) acute ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #neurology
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework STEMI: • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
interval J Wave Syndromes ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... weeks following an acute ... Post-cardioversion • Acute ... dissection • Sodium-channel
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