19 results
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Summary of Causes and Ocular Manifestations
 • Molluscum lesions
 • Eyelid Kaposi
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ... • Cotton wool spots ... #AIDS #Ocular #Complications ... #ophthalmology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome ... =>Prader-Willi Syndrome ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... fractures • Short ... #genetics #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... priapism • Lab values ... : • Pathophysiology ... sudden death • Lab values ... Elevated uric acid
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
of hypokalemia starts ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... , Liddle's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
associated with short ... bowel syndrome ... underexcretion of acids ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... Turner, Marfan syndromes ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... And BMP Normal Values ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... • Weakness: Starts ... Miller Fisher Syndrome ... management #treatment #neurology