12 results
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... Elevated Renin Urine Testing ... kidneys Genetic Testing ... #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
sclerosis • Anti-Glomerular ... Disease-specific testing ... : anti-ANCA ab, ... anti-GBM ab, ANA ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Values • pH: ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... evaluated for glomerular ... Spot PC (protein ... #testing #workup ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... previously stable values ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... Spot PC (protein ... #workup #diagnosis ... #initial #testing ... #nephrology #nephrotic
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... potassium-to-creatinine ratio on a spot ... be <3; greater values ... suggest renal K wasting ... Algorithm #TTKG #nephrology
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... • Presents as AG ... separate D-lactate testing ... • Seen in Short
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... renal potassium wasting ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
disorders • Testing ... diazepam • EMG testing ... : • Anti-GAD Ab ... antibody that works ... Management #treatment #neurology