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diagnosis nephrology differential causes algorithm gitelman hypertension nephrotic potassium acidosis clinical criticalcare disease dislocation glomerulonephritis hematology indications initial injury knee
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring ... suggests either secondary ... Hyperaldosteronism • Secondary ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
hyperaldosteronism, Secondary ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... Elevated Renin Urine Testing ... kidneys Genetic Testing ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Workup ... previously stable values ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... evaluated for glomerular ... Spot PC (protein ... #testing #workup ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... Spot PC (protein ... #workup #diagnosis ... #initial #testing ... #nephrology #nephrotic
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... potassium-to-creatinine ratio on a spot ... be <3; greater values ... suggest renal K wasting ... Algorithm #TTKG #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... renal potassium wasting ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... separate D-lactate testing ... • Seen in Short ... Bowel Syndrome,
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