13 results
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... dr_missyhanna #Gitelman #Syndrome ... #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... renal potassium wasting ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... evaluated for glomerular ... Spot PC (protein ... #testing #workup ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... previously stable values ... heart failure, neurologic ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... Spot PC (protein ... #workup #diagnosis ... #initial #testing ... #nephrology #nephrotic
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Hypotension & Hypovolemia ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... separate D-lactate testing ... • Seen in Short
Hypokalemia Diagnostic Algorithm
To assess potassium excretion: perform 24-hour urine collection or alternatively obtain potassium-to-creatinine ratio on
Hypokalemia Diagnostic ... potassium-to-creatinine ratio on a spot ... be <3; greater values ... suggest renal K wasting ... Algorithm #TTKG #nephrology