10 results
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis ... factors: - Serology ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential ... #workup #infectiousdiseases
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... previously stable values ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Treatment depends ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... #Hyperthermia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... approach to the differential ... demyelination syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... #management #nephrology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Pinpoint-sized red spots ... factor (GCSF) treatments ... Workup: • Complete ... blood count with differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... And BMP Normal Values ... D D-lactate (short ... bowel syndrome, ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... nodes • Roth’s spots ... Cholesterol emboli syndrome ... hematuria, + RF Treatment ... Diagnosis #cardiology #infectiousdiseases
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
which all carry treatment ... breakdown of glycogen stores ... hormones that work ... for Refeeding Syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
by culture or serology ... Inhalation of spores ... Diagnosis: • Serology ... arthritis, and endocarditis ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases