17 results
PIRATES Mnemonic for the Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

P - Pulmonary Disease, PE
I - Ischemic, Idiopathic
R -
PIRATES Mnemonic ... Fibrillation P - Pulmonary ... R - Rheumatic Valvular ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Cardiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
pleural effusion on CXR ... interstitial lung disease ... /pulmonary fibrosis ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
and Symptoms: ... arterial HTN) ... myositis overlap • Vascular ... #rheumatology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
A-Fib) Summary Symptoms ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... possibly better: • Symptom ... Fibrillation #AFib #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
intrapulmonary vascular ... cycles after right atrial ... Criteria: • Underlying ... vascular dilation ... resolution of symptoms
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
, left heart disease ... m/s • Other signs ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... Diagnostic criteria ... vasodilation and reduced vascular
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... valvular disease ... -> TEE • Duke Criteria ... #management #cardiology
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Signs and Symptoms
 • Ocular: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Episcleritis, Scleritis, Scleromalacia perforans
 • Pulmonary:
and Symptoms • ... Scleromalacia perforans • Pulmonary ... Rheumatoid #Arthritis #RA ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #diagnosis #rheumatology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... of CXR congestion ... coronary artery disease ... #management #cardiology
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation Symptoms ... Connective tissue diseases ... Nasal polyps and signs ... disease Complications ... parenchyma Diagnosis