3 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
) Clinical Presentation ... More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
clinical findings ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... partial retinal red reflex ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
clinical findings ... diffuse light reflex ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications