12 results
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
40 ml/min A - Anemia ... Look for gamma gap ... diseases, CML, ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... #hematology #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... activity • ↓ LAP ... - infiltrates (anemia ... #Hematology #Oncology ... #Diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... intravascular coagulation ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Orange or Hep C Clinical ... Diagnosis: • ... cells can indicate disease ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... #oncology #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
immunophenotype Clinical ... chemotherapy for low-risk disease ... fludarabine) 3) Monoclonal ... #oncology #hematology ... #management
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
Causes of Monoclonal ... changes (POEMS syndrome ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... anemia • Other ... #diagnosis #hematology
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
(-) hemolytic anemia ... Pseudohyponatremia • ↓anion gap ... Paraproteinemias #Hematology ... #Monoclonal #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Oncology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... Viral Infection Clinical ... younger pts) Differential ... Diagnosis Monoclonal ... #hematology #diagnosis
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes ... • ↓ WBC • ↓ ... #oncology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
to 8 years Clinical ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... DDX - Other causes ... hypogammaglobulinemia #immunology #hematology ... #diagnosis #management