9 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... excess, Liddle's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Urine Na+K / serum ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... solute intake (Beer ... #differential # ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... : • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Measure urine osmolality ... demyelination syndrome ... #Differential # ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... ULN • AST/ALT Elevation ... or compartment syndrome ... #treatment #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... hypoperfusion have been ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... urine output. ... acute coronary syndrome ... the determined cause ... #algorithm #management