15 results
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome ... Turner, Marfan syndromes ... • Fleischer's Ring ... -> Vision loss ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Differential Diagnosis ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #ophthalmology
Differential diagnoses for the neuro-ophthalmologic finding of diplopia.
Neoplastic: 
 • Intraorbital meningioma 
 • Pituitary adenoma
Differential diagnoses ... for the neuro-ophthalmologic ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... orbitopathy) • Corneal ... #Ophthalmology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
to Headaches - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... papilledema • Horner ... syndrome, history ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... - Compatible syndrome ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Diplopia - Double Vision ... - Differential ... • Neurologic ... Functional • Corneal ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... Worsening of previous neurologic ... #Tuberculosis #diagnosis ... #differential # ... TB #neurology
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
Ptosis - Differential ... nerve palsy • Horner ... #Ptosis #neurology ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #ophthalmology
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
Diagnosis Framework ... hypothalamus, and visual cortex ... meningeal irritation signs ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology ... #Neurology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Diagnosis: • ... the bilateral cortex ... • Examine for signs ... #PhysicalExam #neurology