3 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... white ischemic lesions ... hypo-pigmented ring ... around atrophic areas ... signs #symptoms #complications
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Imaging: - MRI - ring ... Demyelinating disease caused ... periventricular areas ... Enhancement: multifocal lesions ... punched-out" cystic lesions
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
dysfunction • Imaging: ring-enhanced ... • Usually is a complication ... surrounding edema and ring-enhancement ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... or abruptly • CN