2 results
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
: weight gain, lung ... lack lung rales ... un lymphatic Diagnostic ... Chest x-ray: signs ... bilateral pleural effusions
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... change CV risk Chest ... X-ray: • Not ... unless prior heart/lung ... stratification #diagnosis