14 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Positive family ... taken at home, work ... Renal parenchymal disease ... • Renovascular disease ... Cushing syndrome or disease
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Diagnosis and Workup Summary
Use a positive diagnostic strategy with minimal testing.
Diagnosis and Workup ... Summary Use a positive ... Routine stool cultures ... Rule out celiac disease ... inflammatory bowel disease
Upper Lobe Lung Diseases - STAR CHASERS Mnemonic

S - Silicosis
T - Tuberculosis
A - Ankylosing Spondylitis
R -
Upper Lobe Lung Diseases ... Pulmonary Diseases ... disease, kaolinosis ... fuller’s earth disease ... Granulomatous diseases
USMLE Epidemiology and Biostatistics Summary
Meta-Analysis: pools data from several studies (greater power), limited by quality/bias of
group without disease ... good for rare diseases ... group to assess disease ... people with disease ... = incidence in acute
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Pre-existing valvular disease ... Congenital heart disease ... Rheumatic valvular disease ... Degenerative valvular disease ... • Metastatic disease
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... Resistant hypertension is ... Renal parenchymal disease ... most pts have HTN ... Pregnancy-associated
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
arteries) • Pregnancy ... Chronic pulmonary diseases ... significantly positive ... coronary heart disease ... Diagnoses: • Acute
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Pre-existing valvular disease ... Congenital heart disease ... Culture Positive ... Rheumatic valvular disease ... • Metastatic disease
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... Valvular heart disease ... Congenital heart disease ... Hypertensive heart disease ... predisposition (TTN
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Studies in Rheumatic Diseases ... Screening Tests for Acute ... exclude inflammatory disease ... connective-tissue disease ... #Rheumatic #Disease