2812 results
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
cause is unknown ... diseases that cause ... Causes: • Idiopathic ... other secondary causes ... suggest cancer as a cause
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Scleroderma • Achalasia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Causes of Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
 • Neuromuscular causes: CVA/CNS tumor/ALS, Parkinson's,
and Esophageal Causes ... Neuromuscular causes ... • Structural causes ... Neuromuscular causes ... of EG junction: Achalasia
Secondary Causes of Esophageal Eosinophilia (EoE) - Differential Diagnosis
 • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
 • Eosinophilic gastrointestinal
Secondary Causes ... gastrointestinal disease • Achalasia ... Diagnosis #Secondary #Causes
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia 
 • due to motor disorders affecting the pharyngeal muscles
 • Acute or gradual
Scleroderma • Achalasia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anterior Mediastinal Mass - 5T’s
 • Thymic neoplasm
 • Teratoma (or
the most common causes ... These include achalasia ... The most common cause ... This is a rare cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Symptom | Diagnosis
• Solid-food dysphagia present for months to years | Mechanical
disorder such as achalasia ... the underlying cause
Achalasia Management Algorithm
 - Botulinum Injection
 - Pharmacotherapy (CCB/nitrates)
 - Pneumatic Dilation
 - Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy
Achalasia Management ... Esophagectomy #Achalasia
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy on Chest X-Ray aka Gastric Pull-up
Ivor Lewis procedure is a type of esophagectomy
remind you of Achalasia ... deformity offer clues ... distinguish it from achalasia