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differential management nephrology causes hyperkalemia syndrome achalasia acidosis algorithm aniongap bacterial bipolar bpd cardiology chf disorder diuresis druginduced drugs dysgeusia
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... pathophysiology #pharmacology ... #potassium #medications
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • K sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... Medications 2.
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • K sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... Medications 2.
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... STOP offending medications ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... #potassium #nephrology
Heart Failure (HFrEF) Treatment - GDMT for stage C For patients with Heart Failure with REDUCED
Failure (HFrEF) Treatment ... getting patients on medication ... then add on loop diuretics ... recommended by the ACC ... HeartFailure #HFrEF #Pharmacology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... #differential #diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
immature blasts and high ... syndrome • Triggers: Diuretics ... have fever - ACS ... Spontaneous if high ... Syndrome #TLS #diagnosis
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... < 0.7, high urine ... diuretic use: similar ... correcting serum potassium ... Other medications
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis DIAGNOSTICS Paracentesis: • Calculate absolute PMN count (total WBC x PMN %) • Correct
Bacterial Peritonitis DIAGNOSTICS ... improved outcomes 1) Antibiotics ... carbapenem if known high ... Diuretics ↑ ascitic ... #prophylaxis #treatment
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