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Causes of Syncope and Transient Loss of Consciousness

#Syncope #Differential #LOC #Causes #Diagnosis
#Differential #LOC
Radiation Injury
Acute Radiation Toxicity primarily affects rapidly dividing cells based on dosage
Hematopoiteic - Pancytopenia, Infection
 •
lymphocyte count = ALC ... at 48 hours • ALC ... prognosis • ALC
Loss of Consciousness in Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Syncopal causes:
• Orthostatic syncope
• Reflex syncope
• Cardiac arrhythmia
•
Consciousness #Syncope #LOC
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Symptoms are non-specific:
 - Headache 90%
 - Nausea/vomiting 50%
 - Vertigo 50%
 - Altered
50% - Altered LOC
Causes of Approach to Altered Level of Consciousness - Workup
Clinical Exam - Focal
 • Trauma
 •
Encephalitis #Altered #ALOC
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
compensate for low ... impaired Jane Lock
Statin Intensities

Basic refresher of statin intensities! One common thing I see a lot is patients being
thing I see a lot ... High #Moderate #Low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
demands Hypoxemia - low ... of hypoxia) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... COHb, MetHb) - Low ... CaO2 → Low SvO2
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Altered #comatose #aloc
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... or High Renin, Low