11 results
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
exerts sudden +++ positive ... from negative to positive ... and release LH causes ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology ... #Ovulation #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... dot/blot hemorrhages ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
retinal layers -> Dot ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Physiologic Causes ... • Sepsis Complications ... significantly positive ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Blood cultures are positive ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... + Systemic anticoagulation ... destructive lesion • Complications
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Blood cultures are positive ... Culture Positive ... Septic emboli cause ... + Systemic anticoagulation ... destructive lesion • Complications
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
ET is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm. Most cases are related to mutations that affect
Most cases are related ... , symptoms and complications ... MI, stroke, DVT/ ... Hydroxyurea + anticoagulation