6 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... retinal layers -> Dot ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Blood cultures are positive ... Septic Emboli Cause ... + Systemic anticoagulation ... destructive lesion • Complications ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
convoluted tubule (DCT ... with thiazide diuretic ... diarrhea Potential Complications ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology
Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
ET is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm. Most cases are related to mutations that affect
Most cases are related ... , symptoms and complications ... MI, stroke, DVT/ ... Hydroxyurea + anticoagulation ... hematology #diagnosis #management