11 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... retinal layers -> Dot ... retinal ischemia causes ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Insufficiency Addison's Disease ... Lymphoma Metastatic Disease ... C deficiency, anticoagulation ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 diabetes ... #endocrinology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Glycosylation - AGE cause ... Peripheral vascular disease ... neurovascular disease ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology ... #complications
Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) is a common complication of longstanding diabetes, and it is associated with
DFIs) is a common complication ... peripheral arterial disease ... with aerobic gram-positive ... at aerobic gram-positive ... the underlying cause
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Chronic pulmonary diseases ... • Sepsis Complications ... significantly positive ... coronary heart disease
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
changes and may cause ... severe clinical complications ... due to chronic disease ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Blood cultures are positive ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... + Systemic anticoagulation ... destructive lesion • Complications
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Blood cultures are positive ... Culture Positive ... Septic emboli cause ... + Systemic anticoagulation ... destructive lesion • Complications