11 results
Mitral Stenosis and Left Atrial Thrombus on Echocardiogram (a4c)

Mitral stenosis is a risk factor for LA
Mitral Stenosis ... and Left Atrial ... (a4c) Mitral ... #Stenosis #Atrial ... #Thrombus #a4c
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
venous origin of CE material ... Minor: • < 25% stenosis ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... prosthetic valve, PFO, ASD ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
(1) Thickened ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... spontaneous echo contrast ... (7) patient in atrial ... #thrombus
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
Atrial Fibrillation ... identify left atrial ... test for DM Atrial ... Cardioversion 1. ... cardioversion 2.
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
in arterial oxygenation ... (Type 1) or anatomic ... shunt (Type 2) ... cycles after right atrial ... passage • Arterial
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Atrium - Differential ... Diagnosis 1. ... Small secundum ASD ... to right shunt 2. ... #Atrium #RA #Differential
Causes of Abnormal PT and/or aPTT
Prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT)
1. Acquired deficiency of FVII
Prolonged Activated Partial ... deficiencies: Contact ... aPTT 1. ... thrombin inhibitors ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
decade → peripheral/acral ... Differential Diagnosis ... LH, FSH & ACTH) 2/ ... 2 adenoma mass effect ... Pituitary MRI+contrast
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
event, follow ACC ... indication of AC ... Severe Aortic stenosis ... CARP, DECREASE V trials ... management for select
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
1. ... bubbles = PFO 2. ... >LAP as atrial septum ... Echocardiogram #clinical #pocus ... #a4c #intrapulmonary