22 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis - Impaired Excretion vs Redistribution

Impaired Urinary Excretion 
 - Renal failure
 -
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... lysissyndrome - Massive Hemolysis ... Other - Insulin deficiency ... - Exercise - Hyperkalemic ... DrEricStrong #Hyperkalemia
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency ... Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis ... @drkeithsiau #Folate ... #Deficiency #FolicAcid
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... edema • Jaundice/Hemolytic ... cell lysis: - Hemolysis ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... edema • Jaundice/Hemolytic ... cell lysis: - Hemolysis ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Vitamin B12 • Folate ... deficiency Infections
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... 100 fL) • B12 Deficiency ... • Folate Deficiency
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
bloodstream Hemolysis ... anemia, PNH, immune hemolysis ... - Iron deficiency ... myelofibrosis • Hemolysis ... Pneumocystis pneumonia (late
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
deficiencies: Iron deficiency ... , Vitamin B12, Folate ... Retroperitoneal, Uterine • Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... cell anemia, G6PD deficiency
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
Hemorrhage or hemolysis ... if vitamin B12 deficiency ... but undiagnosed, folate ... occur with B12 deficiency ... Anemia #VitaminB12 #Folate
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... ß-Blockade - Insulin deficiency ... aged blood - Hemolysis ... - Aldosterone deficiency