13 results
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Peripheral blood ... bodies, DAT (-) → G6PD ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... Immune mediated hemolysis
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... ischemia-induced RBC hemolysis ... ) • RBC Hemolysis ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... Decreased renal potassium ... diet • Blood ... • Tumor lysis/hemolysis ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... Crush injury • Blood ... • Recent IV potassium ... cell lysis: - Hemolysis ... Blood transfusion
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... Crush injury • Blood ... • Recent IV potassium ... cell lysis: - Hemolysis ... Blood transfusion
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
the peripheral blood ... > 3: • Acute blood ... Retroperitoneal, Uterine • Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... , G6PD deficiency
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Enzyme Defects: G6PD ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... - Peripheral Blood ... Urobilinogen #Hemolysis
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... intoxication - Hyperkalemic ... Transfusion of aged blood ... - Hemolysis (
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Crush injury, Hemolysis ... • Pseudo hyperkalemia ... : Blood draw error ... Diagnosis #Causes #potassium
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
antibodies leading to hemolysis ... Hemolysis on labs ... , fever, minor hemolysis ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... potassium from