16 results
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of the initial work-up ... deficiency is present ... deficiency. ... #VitaminB12 #Folate ... Homocysteine #Algorithm #Workup
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... thiamine (vitamin B1 ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... antagonists #VitaminB12 ... #deficiency #low
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
N2O can cause a syndrome ... deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia ... #NitrousOxide #VitaminB12
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... Clinical Findings ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... #neurology #diagnosis
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
1) Clinical ... Whipple, vitamin deficiency ... - Progressive amnesia ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... - Parvovirus B19 ... • Parvovirus B19
Etiologies of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
 • Inadequate intake - Rare but seen in very strict vegans
deficiency. ... autoantibodies (pernicious anemia ... insufficiency, blind loops syndromes ... malabsorption syndromes ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... or folic acid deficiency ... treatments • Copper deficiency ... Workup: • Complete