14 results
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of the initial work-up ... deficiency is present ... deficiency. ... Homocysteine #Algorithm #Workup ... #AAFP
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... to manifest its symptoms ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
fatigue despite clinical ... , Anemia • Prevalence ... Crohn's > UC Anemia ... restricted diet/deficiency ... symptoms even if
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
Diagnosis and workup ... 1) Clinical ... Whipple, vitamin deficiency ... - Progressive amnesia ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... - Parvovirus B19 ... • Improve the symptoms
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... mineralization Symptoms ... respiratory failure • Neurologic
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... age 70 years Symptoms ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... or folic acid deficiency ... Workup: • Complete
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
Hodgkin Lymphoma - Clinical ... Weight loss • Anemia ... Immune hemolytic anemia ... ingestion • B symptoms ... Hodgkin Lymphoma Workup