67 results
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... Folate deficiency, B12 ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... Diagnosis #hematology
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Corpuscular Volume (MCV ... ) - Differential ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... uremic syndrome ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #nutrition
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Corpuscular Volume (MCV ... ) - Differential ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Liver Disease ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
- Differential ... Reticulocytes, MCV ... Deficiency • B12 ... Disease • Marrow ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology