74 results
Differential Diagnosis of Syncope
First, is it syncope? History is very important for distinguishing syncope from other
First, is it syncope ... from other causes ... Common causes of ... #Causes #Differential ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
and Management Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism - TOX: beta-blockers ... LIFE THREATENING CAUSES ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers ... #Bradycardia #Algorithm
Causes of Syncope #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Neuro #Syncope #Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Syncope ... EM #IM #Neuro #Syncope ... #Differential #Algorithm
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
: • MOA: Block ... 2 - Beta Blockers ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
- Vasovagal syncope ... bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... • AV block ... side effect (e.g. αblockers ... Classification #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Pacemaker Placement Indications
Class I:
 • Third degree block
 • Advanced 2nd degree block
 • Symptomatic Mobitz
Placement Indications Class ... Class II: • Mobitz ... with syncope • ... Class Ill: • Syncope ... • Reversible causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis
The percentage of syncopal events secondary to arrhythmias or structural disease is generally
Syncope - Differential ... percentage of syncopal ... Sick sinus, AV block ... Others Non-syncopal ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Non-lschemic Causes of Cardiogenic Shock:

Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Digoxin 

Myocarditis 

Cardiomyopathies (sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, Takatsubo, 
hemochromatosis) 

Valvular
Non-lschemic Causes ... Cardiogenic Shock: Beta-Blockers ... Calcium Channel Blockers ... #Nonlschemic #Causes
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
renin: NSAIDs, Beta ... blockers, Cyclosporine ... Angiotensin receptor blockers ... Sodium Channel Blockers ... #medications #causes