11 results
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
- Hemolytic anemia ... Retiform purpura - Protein ... #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology # ... #nonpalpable #dermatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... e.g. lupus, CLL, lymphoma ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Bandemia Overview ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Degree of bandemia ... #WBC #CBC #hematology ... #pathophysiology
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
40 ml/min A - Anemia ... Look for gamma gap ... (total protein ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... #hematology #oncology
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
Gap (Total Protein ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
Feature A Monoclonal Protein ... (-) hemolytic anemia ... Paraproteinemias #Hematology ... #Monoclonal #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Oncology
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Overview

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon hematological malignancy arising from mature B cells. It
- Clinical Presentation ... Weight loss • Anemia ... Immune hemolytic anemia ... #diagnosis #classification ... #hematology #oncology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Orange or Hep C Clinical ... Lymphocytosis on CBC ... cells can indicate disease ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... workup #oncology #hematology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
to 8 years Clinical ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... DDX - Other causes ... • Burns • Protein-losing ... hypogammaglobulinemia #immunology #hematology