7 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Hypomagnesemia ... acidosis, a high ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
urinary losses: • High ... acidosis: Proximal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Metabolic Causes ... Renal Tubular Acidosis ... type 1-4, Lowe ... #nephrology #differential ... #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
excretion (e.g., urine ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome ... #Diagnosis #causes