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diagnosis management high treatment algorithm alkalosis gitelman hyponatremia hypotonic metabolic pathophysiology physiologic screening secondary summary workup
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... pathophysiology #Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Hypomagnesemia • Hypertension ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... test (with 24-h urine ... Screening #Workup #table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... injured muscles - HYPOTENSION ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #treatment #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Drugs Causing Hyperkalemia ... Metabolic acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... cantaloupe #hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Drugs Causing Hyperkalemia ... Metabolic acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... images/12834 #hyperkalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
injured muscles -> HYPOTENSION ... hour with goal urine ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... , Hypervolemia with ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
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