11 results
Epilepsy Seizure Types - Generalized vs Focal

Generalized Seizures
 - Absence seizures 
 - Myoclonic seizures
Epilepsy Seizure ... - Absence seizures ... - Tonic-clonic ... #Types #Classification ... #Neurology #Differential
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
When tonic—clonic ... by a toxic or metabolic ... Toxic and metabolic ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... #Differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... tubular acidosis/Chronic ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... newborn Pulmonary veno-occlusive ... neurofibromatosis, vasculitis Metabolic ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Types - Classification ... reaction • Endocrine/Metabolic ... aortic or mitral insufficiency ... Mechanical (impaired venous ... #criticalcare #differential
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... potassium #high #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
• Headache • Seizures ... Reversible course Differential ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... leukoencephalopathy, Cerebral venous ... diagnosis #management #neurology