11 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... Prophyria #Seizures #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Differentials? ... tubular acidosis/Chronic ... failure - Adrenal insufficiency ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... Potassium-sparing ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #high #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... acute reversal of chronic ... other • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... newborn Pulmonary veno-occlusive ... neurofibromatosis, vasculitis Metabolic ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Shock Types - Classification
State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
Shock Types - Classification ... reaction • Endocrine/Metabolic ... aortic or mitral insufficiency ... Mechanical (impaired venous ... #criticalcare #differential