8 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... also important Management ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Endocrinology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Diagnosis and Management ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... beta-spectrin, which is crucial ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
• Uncommon but life-threatening
• Most common site of bowel connection
Diagnosis and Management ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... Pathophysiology: ... • Primary AEF ... Management: SURGERY
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... (3) primary lateral ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
acute respiratory symptoms ... Rheumatologic symptoms ... gastrointestinal 4) Primary ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management