18 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Diagnosis and Management ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... of active pulmonary ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... for concomitant pulmonary
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
acute respiratory symptoms ... yeast • Found primarily ... : • Primary pulmonary ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... frequency, urinary ... Pathophysiology: ... also important Management ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Diagnosis and Management ... Summary Primary ... ketoconazole, etomidate) Symptoms ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Endocrinology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Diagnosis and Management ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... beta-spectrin, which is crucial ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... acute sarcoidosis Pulmonary ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
life • M=F Symptoms ... paroxysmal HTN, most primary ... Less common symptoms ... may present with pulmonary ... pheochromocytoma: primary
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
tuberculosis (LTBI) Pathophysiology ... Lung abscess Primary ... : Symptomatic Primary ... • HIV: 2/3 pulmonary ... TB #Diagnosis #Management