13 results
Petechiae/Purpura - Diagnostic Algorithm. Pathophysiology: 1) Represent the passage of erythrocytes from the intravascular to extravascular
Pathophysiology: ... trauma, infection, vasculitis ... or disorders of primary ... process such as vasculiitis ... commonly renal and pulmonary
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
RPGN has three primary ... pathophysiologic ... With associated pulmonary ... Glomerulonephritis #Vasculitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
progressing GN • New pulmonary ... Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... with GCA or as primary ... Rash, arthritis Primary ... • Progressive symptoms
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... beta-spectrin, which is crucial ... Hypersensitivity vasculitis ... #AscorbicAcid #Pathophysiology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
acute respiratory symptoms ... gastrointestinal 4) Primary ... yeast • Found primarily ... : • Primary pulmonary ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
blood vessels (vasculitis ... interstitial lung disease/pulmonary ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Dermatomyositis (DM) and Polymyositis (PM): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Elevated Antinuclear Antibodies: Anti-Jo-1, Anti-OJ, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-EJ,
Subacute development, primarily ... PM #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Vasculitis
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
deficiency - Primary ... Legionnaires disease • Pulmonary ... tumor burden) Vasculitis ... associated with any symptoms