10 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... and Evaluation ... of Hyponatremia: ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... with renal tubal acidosis ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Normal Acid-Base ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... Step 5 - Differential ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... issue which varies based ... the underlying cause ... #Differential # ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based ... #differential # ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... secretion • Acid-base ... components of acid-base ... metabolic acidosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
gap metabolic acidosis ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
in HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis should be based ... presentation, temporal evolution ... Demyelinating disease caused ... CNS #Infections #differential