4 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... , liver, renal disease ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Algorithm Hypovolemic ... treat underlying cause ... Pain. ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... Glucocorticoid Deficiency
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... related to IBD, celiac ... disease, other ... total body stores Evaluation ... , can consider IM
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Diagnosis Framework ... Legg-Calve-Perthes disease ... Neuropathy (DM, Vit B12 ... , B6, Cu deficiency ... - HIV - Lyme disease