5 results
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... , coeliac disease ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency
Chronic Diarrhea - Workup
Osmotic:
 • Consider food diary and trial avoiding certain foods or meds, Consider
Chronic Diarrhea ... - Workup Osmotic ... disease Inflammatory ... #Diarrhea #Workup ... differential #testing #evaluation
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
hypoglycemia • Low ... Contraindications: • Chronic ... kidney disease: ... effects (e.g. diarrhea ... • B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... tongue), abd pain, diarrhea ... related to IBD, celiac ... disease, other ... total body stores Evaluation
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Marrow Failure • Chronic ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... Workup: • Complete