6 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Diagnosis and Evaluation ... , liver, renal disease ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Hypocalcemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Endo #Hypocalcemia #Differential #Algorithm #PTH #Drugs #Ddxof
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Endo #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #PTH #Drugs #Ddxof
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... seizure) #Pathophys #EM ... #IM #Endo #DKA ... #HHS #Ddxof
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... intrinsic renal disease ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Serious Bacterial Illness (SBI):
1) UTI and pyelonephritis
Most common cause of SBI
Accounts for 3-8% of uncharacterized fevers
Female
pyelonephritis Most common cause ... Consider BCx, CSF evaluation ... seizure) #Diagnosis #Peds ... #EM #Classification ... SeriousBacterialIllness #Ddxof
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... related to IBD, celiac ... disease, other ... total body stores Evaluation ... , can consider IM