31 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... Identification of onset (acute ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... Assessment of volume status ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical ... rectal reflex. saddle ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... Incontinence • Saddle ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Clinical manifestations ... of acute liver ... High output state ... liver #failure #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... Approach (when evaluation ... Stage 2 hypertension ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... Nonfocal mental status ... poisoning • Mental status ... #symptoms #clues ... #differential #diagnosis
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... renal failure Clinical ... are not caused ... anterior/posterior MSK ... #Management #Signs
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... Etiology: - Tabes ... Impotence - Saddle ... #differential #diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Signs and symptoms ... patients with clinically ... stimulation Clinical ... ) • Acute:
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Hypertension Stage ... vasoconstrictive • Acute ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms