21 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
hyperglycemic crises ... diabetes Key signs ... /symptoms of HHS ... seizure) #Pathophys #EM ... Endo #DKA #HHS #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... 2) Presence of symptoms ... (HA, nausea, confusion ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... disc herniation (central ... Incontinence • Saddle ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #symptoms #signs
Intraoperative Circulatory Embolus - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Causes: thrombus, fat, amniotic fluid, air/gas.
Signs: hypotension, tachycardia,
Signs: hypotension ... decreased ETCO2 Symptoms ... possible • If central ... Embolism #VTE #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis
High Central Neuraxial Block - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Can occur with deliberate or accidental
Consider other causes ... that may mimic signs ... Neuraxial #Block #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
, e.g. central line ... examination and vital signs ... Plan definitive management ... Cardiac #Tamponade #Anesthesiology ... #Management #Workup
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Presence of central ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Intraoperative Anaphylaxis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
• Unexplained hypotension
• Unexplained bronchospasm (wheeze may be absent
arrest where other causes ... of more of the signs ... #Anaphylaxis #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Signs of severe toxicity:
 • Sudden alteration in
Guidelines for Crises ... in Anaesthesia Signs ... Anaesthetic #Toxicity #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... and Management ... are not caused ... General: fever, ... #Management #Signs