59 results
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... and Treatment ... Redistribution - Insulin ... #Treatment #Management ... #Diagnosis #ECG
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... or neurogenic diabetes ... Idiopathic Nephrogenic diabetes ... or dipsogenic diabetes ... #Diabetes #Insipidus
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... intracellularly: • Insulin ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Diabetic Myonecrosis (Diabetic Muscle Infarction)
 • Spontaneous ischemic necrosis of skeletal muscle (anterior thigh or calf)
longstanding uncontrolled diabetes ... ↑ESR, ↑CRP • Diagnosis ... weeks with above treatment ... muscle #Infarction #diagnosis ... #management #diabetes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Differential Diagnosis ... Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
Bradycardia Diagnostic ... THREATENING CAUSES & TREATMENT ... digoxin) - Tx: insulin ... Electrolytes (hyperkalemia ... calcium, albuterol, insulin
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
Drugs causing hyperkalemia ... Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes ... Drospirenone #Drugs #hyperkalemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 
Management Priorities
1. Fluids 
2. Insulin 
3. Potassium 
4. Acidosis 
5. Re-establish oral fluids,
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Insulin 3. ... subcutaneous insulin ... Identification and treatment ... #Ketoacidosis #Diabetes
Differential Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia
Evaluation of Hypoglycemia
Patients with known diabetes who are not systemically ill and can
Differential Diagnosis ... Patients with known diabetes ... Other studies: insulin ... C-peptide, pro-insulin ... antibodies #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... paralysis - Insulin ... #differential #diagnosis