9 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Tertiary Lab Comparison ... : Commonly no signs ... osteoporosis, Kidney stones ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... altered mental status ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Tonic-Clonic (grand mal ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Neurology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Comparison
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs ... Altered mental status ... #neurology #meningitis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Anterior circulation: MCA ... #management #neurology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... is required for diagnosis ... Hypercoagulable states ... #Endocarditis #comparison
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
iron overload states ... transplantation • MCC ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... : • Serology for
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
emptying - Voiding Symptoms ... UTIs & bladder stones ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Urology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
peaks between the ages ... monophasic Pathophysiology ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... #management #neurology