11 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... sodium is typically ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Urine Cl - Non-reabsorbable ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
retrieve stone using urine ... , Anuria - PCN ... protein - Low ... sodium diet ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
solutions may have ↑ sodium ... paired with a lower sodium ... dysfunction or low ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... #Workup #nephrology