9 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... . lupus, CLL, lymphoma ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... • Leukemia • Lymphoma ... lupus erythematosus ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... iron deficiency, hemolysis ... . autoimmune, TB ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #hematology #secondary
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... Cryoglobulinemia Syndrome ... cryoglobulinemia syndrome ... 20% Sjögren's syndrome ... #rheumatology #
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
rheumatologic diseases ... • Evans' syndrome ... lymphoproliferative syndrome ... Shrinking lung syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cryoglobulins (Vasculitic ... Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... pts) Differential ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
infection risk secondary ... hemolytic anemia ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome ... hypogammaglobulinemia #immunology #hematology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... VASCULITIS: • Behçet Syndrome ... • Cogan Syndrome ... #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
: syßtemic lupus ... erythematosus ( ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... antiphospholipid syndrome