59 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... , Hypomagnesemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis ... Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased filling ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #workup #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Renal K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #potassium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
and hypomagnesemia ... Hypokalemia ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyponatremia, Hypomagnesemia ... , Hypocalcemia, ... #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology