1997 results
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
>10 mmHg - clinically ... and hepatorenal syndrome ... hepatic synthetic function ... • Budd Chiari syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... patient presented to clinic ... fasciculus), which causes ... The most common causes ... and cognitive function
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
workup 1) Clinical ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... impaired executive functions ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... Dementia - 2nd cause
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... specific loss-of-function ... Aplastic Anemia Clinical ... and petechiae Causes ... Constitutional Syndromes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
just simply a clinical ... range of possible clinical ... hemodynamics and cardiac function ... acute coronary syndrome ... the determined cause
Marfan Syndrome - Signs and Symptoms

- Caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) Gene (chromosome 15)
-
Marfan Syndrome ... Symptoms - Caused ... Abnormal fibrillin function ... Dominant #Marfans #Syndrome
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Sarcoidosis or Lofgren's syndrome ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... loss of motor function ... Preserved motor function ... loss of motor function
Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Causes of Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
 • Neuromuscular causes: CVA/CNS tumor/ALS, Parkinson's,
and Esophageal Causes ... Neuromuscular causes ... Non-relaxation of EG junction ... Achalasia, EG junction ... sclerosis - Functional
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemia is caused ... impaired renal function ... rarely the sole cause ... #Differential #Causes