16 results
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... Neoplasm-related (brain ... paraneoplastic syndromes ... (fungal, TB, parasitic ... #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... : • Vascular: Stroke ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... injury • Infectious ... #Causes #neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... ) • Infection ( ... encephalitis) • Brain ... lesions (e.g. stroke ... #diagnosis #neurology
Differential Diagnosis for Concurrent Brain and Lung Infections
 • Bacteria: Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae
and Lung Infections ... spp, Lemierre syndrome ... Toxoplasmosis • Fungi ... #Lung #Infections ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions
 • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Concurrent Brain ... hypervirulent), Lemierre's syndrome ... ) • Fungi: Aspergillus ... #Lung #Infections ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Concurrent Brain and Lung Lesions
 • Bacteria: Nocardia spp, Strep anginosus, Staph aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae (hypervirulent),
Concurrent Brain ... hypervirulent), Lemierre's syndrome ... ) • Fungi: Aspergillus ... #Lung #Infections ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... lesions • 80% with lung ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
fastidious bacteria or fungi ... but important causes ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... factors: - Serology ... bacteria) and 18S ( fungi
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... conditions: • Stroke ... Space-occupying brain ... lesion • CNS infection ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
(90%), Fungal infections ... - Ramsay Hunt syndrome ... /squamous cell CA ... subdural hematoma, lung ... Otalgia #Ear #Pain #Otology