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diagnosis differential alice bloodculture encephalopathy endocarditis headache hearing hepatitis hepatology infectiousdiseases infective injury lesions liver loss management manifestations mnemonic negative
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE) Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
fastidious bacteria or fungi ... but important causes ... Tropheryma whipplei, Fungi ... factors: - Serology ... bacteria) and 18S ( fungi
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
• CNS: parietal ... ) • Infection ( ... encephalitis) • Brain ... lesions (e.g. stroke ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... : • Vascular: Stroke ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... injury • Infectious ... #Causes #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions: • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100) • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... lesions • 80% with lung ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red flags (PHANTOMS): • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema •
conditions: • Stroke ... Space-occupying brain ... lesion • CNS ... infection (e.g., ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy: • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... or hemorrhagic stroke ... contrast enhancement Brain ... neurological symptoms • Caused ... differential #TB #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... may precede the neurologic ... Constipation, Seizures, Stroke ... the underlying cause ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework Hearing Loss Types: • Conductive • Sensorineural • Mixed Presbycusis is the most common type
include a: • Neurologic ... Infection or cancer ... auditory nerve (CN ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... trauma ○ MS, CVA
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: • Hepatic vein:
Vascular Causes ... vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... Liver Injury: • Infectious ... , small cell lung ... , RBC, kidney, brain
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